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How Many Types Of Animals Are There?

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Kingdom of living things

Animals

Temporal range: Cryogenian – present,

665–0 Ma

Pha.

Proterozoic

Archean

Had'north

Echinoderm Cnidaria Bivalve Tardigrade Crustacean Arachnid Sponge Insect Mammal Bryozoa Acanthocephala Flatworm Cephalopod Annelid Tunicate Fish Bird Phoronida

Animal diversity.png

About this image

Scientific nomenclature e
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Amorphea
(unranked): Obazoa
(unranked): Opisthokonta
(unranked): Holozoa
(unranked): Filozoa
Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758
Major divisions

meet text

Synonyms
  • Metazoa
  • Choanoblastaea
  • Gastrobionta
  • Zooaea
  • Euanimalia
  • Animalae

Animals (besides chosen Metazoa) are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic evolution. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 one thousand thousand are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 1000000 animal species in total. Animals range in length from 8.five micrometres (0.00033 in) to 33.6 metres (110 ft). They take complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology.

Near living animate being species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such every bit nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms and the chordates, the latter including the vertebrates. Life forms interpreted every bit early animals were present in the Ediacaran biota of the late Precambrian. Many modern animal phyla became clearly established in the fossil record equally marine species during the Cambrian explosion, which began around 539 million years agone. 6,331 groups of genes common to all living animals have been identified; these may accept arisen from a single mutual ancestor that lived 650 meg years ago.

Historically, Aristotle divided animals into those with blood and those without. Carl Linnaeus created the beginning hierarchical biological nomenclature for animals in 1758 with his Systema Naturae, which Jean-Baptiste Lamarck expanded into xiv phyla by 1809. In 1874, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into the multicellular Metazoa (now synonymous for Animalia) and the Protozoa, unmarried-celled organisms no longer considered animals. In modern times, the biological classification of animals relies on advanced techniques, such as molecular phylogenetics, which are effective at demonstrating the evolutionary relationships between taxa.

Humans make utilise of many brute species, such as for food (including meat, milk, and eggs), for materials (such equally leather and wool), as pets, and as working animals including for send. Dogs have been used in hunting, every bit have birds of prey, while many terrestrial and aquatic animals were hunted for sports. Nonhuman animals take appeared in art from the earliest times and are featured in mythology and religion.

Etymology

The word creature comes from the Latin animalis , meaning 'having breath', 'having soul' or 'living being'.[ane] The biological definition includes all members of the kingdom Animalia.[2] In colloquial usage, the term animal is oftentimes used to refer only to nonhuman animals.[three] [4] [5] [six]

Characteristics

Animals are unique in having the ball of cells of the early embryo (ane) develop into a hollow brawl or blastula (ii).

Animals have several characteristics that gear up them apart from other living things. Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular.[7] [8] Unlike plants and algae, which produce their own nutrients,[9] animals are heterotrophic,[8] [10] feeding on organic fabric and digesting information technology internally.[eleven] With very few exceptions, (example; Henneguya zschokkei [12]) animals respire aerobically.[13] All animals are motile[14] (able to spontaneously move their bodies) during at least part of their life cycle, but some animals, such equally sponges, corals, mussels, and barnacles, subsequently become sessile. The blastula is a phase in embryonic development that is unique to animals,[15] (though it has been lost in some) assuasive cells to be differentiated into specialised tissues and organs.

Structure

All animals are composed of cells, surrounded by a feature extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins.[sixteen] During evolution, the animal extracellular matrix forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells tin can move about and be reorganised, making the germination of circuitous structures possible. This may be calcified, forming structures such as shells, bones, and spicules.[17] In contrast, the cells of other multicellular organisms (primarily algae, plants, and fungi) are held in place by jail cell walls, and then develop by progressive growth.[18] Animal cells uniquely possess the prison cell junctions chosen tight junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes.[19]

With few exceptions—in detail, the sponges and placozoans—animate being bodies are differentiated into tissues.[twenty] These include muscles, which enable locomotion, and nervus tissues, which transmit signals and coordinate the body. Typically, there is also an internal digestive sleeping accommodation with either i opening (in Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and flatworms) or 2 openings (in most bilaterians).[21]

Reproduction and development

Nearly all animals make utilize of some grade of sexual reproduction.[22] They produce haploid gametes by meiosis; the smaller, motile gametes are spermatozoa and the larger, non-motile gametes are ova.[23] These fuse to form zygotes,[24] which develop via mitosis into a hollow sphere, chosen a blastula. In sponges, blastula larvae swim to a new location, adhere to the seabed, and develop into a new sponge.[25] In most other groups, the blastula undergoes more than complicated rearrangement.[26] It outset invaginates to form a gastrula with a digestive sleeping accommodation and ii separate germ layers, an external ectoderm and an internal endoderm.[27] In most cases, a tertiary germ layer, the mesoderm, besides develops between them.[28] These germ layers and so differentiate to form tissues and organs.[29]

Repeated instances of mating with a close relative during sexual reproduction generally leads to inbreeding depression inside a population due to the increased prevalence of harmful recessive traits.[xxx] [31] Animals have evolved numerous mechanisms for avoiding close inbreeding.[32]

Some animals are capable of asexual reproduction, which often results in a genetic clone of the parent. This may accept place through fragmentation; budding, such equally in Hydra and other cnidarians; or parthenogenesis, where fertile eggs are produced without mating, such as in aphids.[33] [34]

Environmental

Animals are categorised into ecological groups depending on how they obtain or consume organic fabric, including carnivores, herbivores, omnivores, detritivores,[35] and parasites.[36] Interactions between animals class complex food webs. In carnivorous or omnivorous species, predation is a consumer–resource interaction where a predator feeds on another organism (called its casualty).[37] Selective pressures imposed on one another lead to an evolutionary arms race betwixt predator and prey, resulting in various anti-predator adaptations.[38] [39] Almost all multicellular predators are animals.[xl] Some consumers utilise multiple methods; for example, in parasitoid wasps, the larvae feed on the hosts' living tissues, killing them in the procedure,[41] but the adults primarily consume nectar from flowers.[42] Other animals may have very specific feeding behaviours, such as hawksbill sea turtles primarily eating sponges.[43]

Near animals rely on the biomass and energy produced past plants through photosynthesis. Herbivores eat plant material direct, while carnivores, and other animals on college trophic levels typically acquire it indirectly by eating other animals. Animals oxidize carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and other biomolecules, which allows the animal to grow and to sustain biological processes such as locomotion.[44] [45] [46] Animals living close to hydrothermal vents and common cold seeps on the night sea floor consume organic matter of archaea and bacteria produced in these locations through chemosynthesis (past oxidizing inorganic compounds, such equally hydrogen sulfide).[47]

Animals originally evolved in the sea. Lineages of arthropods colonised state effectually the same time as country plants, probably between 510 and 471 million years agone during the Belatedly Cambrian or Early Ordovician.[48] Vertebrates such as the lobe-finned fish Tiktaalik started to move on to land in the tardily Devonian, about 375 meg years agone.[49] [50] Animals occupy virtually all of earth's habitats and microhabitats, including salt water, hydrothermal vents, fresh water, hot springs, swamps, forests, pastures, deserts, air, and the interiors of animals, plants, fungi and rocks.[51] Animals are however not specially estrus tolerant; very few of them can survive at constant temperatures above l °C (122 °F).[52] But very few species of animals (mostly nematodes) inhabit the almost extreme common cold deserts of continental Antarctica.[53]

Diversity

The blue whale is the largest brute that has ever lived.

Size

The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is the largest beast that has ever lived, weighing up to 190 tonnes and measuring up to 33.6 metres (110 ft) long.[54] [55] [56] The largest extant terrestrial creature is the African bush elephant (Loxodonta africana), weighing up to 12.25 tonnes[54] and measuring upwardly to 10.67 metres (35.0 ft) long.[54] The largest terrestrial animals that ever lived were titanosaur sauropod dinosaurs such as Argentinosaurus, which may have weighed equally much as 73 tonnes.[57] Several animals are microscopic; some Myxozoa (obligate parasites within the Cnidaria) never grow larger than 20 µm,[58] and one of the smallest species (Myxobolus shekel) is no more than 8.v µm when fully grown.[59]

Numbers and habitats

The post-obit table lists estimated numbers of described extant species for the fauna groups with the largest numbers of species,[lx] forth with their chief habitats (terrestrial, fresh water,[61] and marine),[62] and free-living or parasitic means of life.[63] Species estimates shown hither are based on numbers described scientifically; much larger estimates take been calculated based on various ways of prediction, and these tin vary wildly. For example, around 25,000–27,000 species of nematodes have been described, while published estimates of the total number of nematode species include x,000–twenty,000; 500,000; 10 meg; and 100 million.[64] Using patterns within the taxonomic hierarchy, the full number of animal species—including those not notwithstanding described—was calculated to exist almost 7.77 million in 2011.[65] [66] [a]

Phylum Example No. of
Species 		Country Bounding main Fresh
water 		Free-
living 		Parasitic
Arthropods wasp 1,257,000[60] 1,000,000
(insects)[68] 		>twoscore,000
(Malac-
ostraca)[69] 		94,000[61] Yep[62] >45,000[b] [63]
Molluscs snail 85,000[sixty]
107,000[seventy]
35,000[70]
60,000[70] 		v,000[61]
12,000[70] 		Aye[62] >v,600[63]
Chordates green spotted frog facing right >70,000[60] [71]
23,000[72]
13,000[72] 		18,000[61]
9,000[72] 		Yes forty
(catfish)[73] [63]
Platyhelminthes Pseudoceros dimidiatus.jpg 29,500[threescore] Aye[74] Yep[62] one,300[61] Yes[62]

three,000–6,500[75]

>40,000[63]

four,000–25,000[75]

Nematodes CelegansGoldsteinLabUNC.jpg 25,000[lx] Yes (soil)[62] four,000[64] 2,000[61] xi,000[64] fourteen,000[64]
Annelids Nerr0328.jpg 17,000[60] Yes (soil)[62] Yes[62] 1,750[61] Yes 400[63]
Cnidaria Table coral 16,000[threescore] Yes[62] Yes (few)[62] Yes[62] >1,350
(Myxozoa)[63]
Sponges A colourful Sponge on the Fathom.jpg 10,800[60] Yes[62] 200–300[61] Yes Yeah[76]
Echinoderms Starfish, Caswell Bay - geograph.org.uk - 409413.jpg vii,500[threescore] seven,500[60] Yes[62]
Bryozoa Bryozoan at Ponta do Ouro, Mozambique (6654415783).jpg 6,000[sixty] Aye[62] 60–80[61] Yeah
Rotifers 20090730 020239 Rotifer.jpg 2,000[60] >400[77] 2,000[61] Yes

Total number of described extant species as of 2013[update]: 1,525,728[60]

Evolutionary origin

The first fossils that might stand for animals announced in the 665-million-year-sometime rocks of the Trezona Germination of South Commonwealth of australia. These fossils are interpreted as most probably existence early sponges.[79]

Animals are found as long ago equally the Ediacaran biota, towards the end of the Precambrian, and mayhap somewhat earlier. Information technology had long been doubted whether these life-forms included animals,[lxxx] [81] [82] but the discovery of the animal lipid cholesterol in fossils of Dickinsonia establishes their nature.[78] Animals are idea to have originated under low-oxygen atmospheric condition, suggesting that they were capable of living entirely by anaerobic respiration, but equally they became specialized for aerobic metabolism they became fully dependent on oxygen in their environments.[83]

Many beast phyla starting time appear in the fossil tape during the Cambrian explosion, starting about 539 one thousand thousand years agone, in beds such as the Burgess shale.[84] Extant phyla in these rocks include molluscs, brachiopods, onychophorans, tardigrades, arthropods, echinoderms and hemichordates, along with numerous now-extinct forms such as the predatory Anomalocaris. The apparent suddenness of the event may however be an artefact of the fossil tape, rather than showing that all these animals appeared simultaneously.[85] [86] [87] [88]

Some palaeontologists have suggested that animals appeared much earlier than the Cambrian explosion, possibly equally early every bit one billion years ago.[89] Trace fossils such as tracks and burrows establish in the Tonian period may indicate the presence of triploblastic worm-similar animals, roughly as large (most 5 mm wide) and complex as earthworms.[ninety] However, similar tracks are produced today by the giant single-celled protist Gromia sphaerica, so the Tonian trace fossils may not indicate early animal development.[91] [92] Effectually the same time, the layered mats of microorganisms called stromatolites decreased in diverseness, maybe due to grazing by newly evolved animals.[93]

Phylogeny

Animals are monophyletic, meaning they are derived from a mutual ancestor. Animals are sister to the Choanoflagellata, with which they course the Choanozoa.[94] The most basal animals, the Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria, and Placozoa, have trunk plans that lack bilateral symmetry. Their relationships are still disputed; the sister grouping to all other animals could be the Porifera or the Ctenophora,[95] both of which lack hox genes, important in body plan development.[96]

These genes are found in the Placozoa[97] [98] and the college animals, the Bilateria.[99] [100] 6,331 groups of genes common to all living animals take been identified; these may have arisen from a unmarried common ancestor that lived 650 million years agone in the Precambrian. 25 of these are novel core gene groups, found merely in animals; of those, 8 are for essential components of the Wnt and TGF-beta signalling pathways which may have enabled animals to become multicellular by providing a design for the body's system of axes (in three dimensions), and some other 7 are for transcription factors including homeodomain proteins involved in the command of development.[101] [102]

The phylogenetic tree (of major lineages only) indicates approximately how many millions of years ago (mya) the lineages split.[103] [104] [105] [106] [107]

Non-bilateria

Non-bilaterians include sponges (center) and corals (background).

Several animal phyla lack bilateral symmetry. Among these, the sponges (Porifera) probably diverged first, representing the oldest animal phylum.[108] Sponges lack the complex organization found in most other animal phyla;[109] their cells are differentiated, just in most cases non organised into distinct tissues.[110] They typically feed by drawing in h2o through pores.[111]

The Ctenophora (comb jellies) and Cnidaria (which includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and corals) are radially symmetric and take digestive chambers with a single opening, which serves as both mouth and anus.[112] Animals in both phyla take distinct tissues, but these are not organised into organs.[113] They are diploblastic, having only two master germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm.[114] The tiny placozoans are similar, but they do not have a permanent digestive chamber.[115] [116]

Bilateria

Idealised bilaterian body programme.[c] With an elongated body and a management of motion the animal has head and tail ends. Sense organs and mouth form the basis of the caput. Opposed circular and longitudinal muscles enable peristaltic motion.

The remaining animals, the great majority—comprising some 29 phyla and over a million species—form a clade, the Bilateria. The body is triploblastic, with three well-adult germ layers, and their tissues form distinct organs. The digestive bedroom has two openings, a mouth and an anus, and at that place is an internal body cavity, a coelom or pseudocoelom. Animals with this bilaterally symmetric body plan and a trend to move in one direction have a head end (anterior) and a tail cease (posterior) besides as a dorsum (dorsal) and a belly (ventral); therefore they also have a left side and a correct side.[117] [118]

Having a front end ways that this office of the body encounters stimuli, such equally food, favouring cephalisation, the development of a caput with sense organs and a oral cavity. Many bilaterians accept a combination of round muscles that constrict the trunk, making information technology longer, and an opposing prepare of longitudinal muscles, that shorten the body;[118] these enable soft-bodied animals with a hydrostatic skeleton to move by peristalsis.[119] They also have a gut that extends through the basically cylindrical body from mouth to anus. Many bilaterian phyla have primary larvae which swim with cilia and have an apical organ containing sensory cells. Nevertheless, in that location are exceptions to each of these characteristics; for example, adult echinoderms are radially symmetric (unlike their larvae), while some parasitic worms take extremely simplified body structures.[117] [118]

Genetic studies have considerably changed zoologists' understanding of the relationships inside the Bilateria. Most appear to belong to two major lineages, the protostomes and the deuterostomes.[120] The basalmost bilaterians are the Xenacoelomorpha.[121] [122] [123]

Protostomes and deuterostomes

The bilaterian gut develops in 2 means. In many protostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth, while in deuterostomes it becomes the anus.

Protostomes and deuterostomes differ in several means. Early on in development, deuterostome embryos undergo radial cleavage during cell division, while many protostomes (the Spiralia) undergo spiral cleavage.[124] Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract, just in protostomes the start opening of the embryonic gut develops into the mouth, and the anus forms secondarily. In deuterostomes, the anus forms first while the mouth develops secondarily.[125] [126] Virtually protostomes have schizocoelous development, where cells simply fill in the interior of the gastrula to form the mesoderm. In deuterostomes, the mesoderm forms by enterocoelic pouching, through invagination of the endoderm.[127]

The main deuterostome phyla are the Echinodermata and the Chordata.[128] Echinoderms are exclusively marine and include starfish, ocean urchins, and sea cucumbers.[129] The chordates are dominated by the vertebrates (animals with backbones),[130] which consist of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.[131] The deuterostomes as well include the Hemichordata (acorn worms).[132] [133]

Ecdysozoa

The Ecdysozoa are protostomes, named after their shared trait of ecdysis, growth past moulting.[134] They include the largest animal phylum, the Arthropoda, which contains insects, spiders, crabs, and their kin. All of these have a body divided into repeating segments, typically with paired appendages. Two smaller phyla, the Onychophora and Tardigrada, are close relatives of the arthropods and share these traits. The ecdysozoans besides include the Nematoda or roundworms, possibly the second largest animal phylum. Roundworms are typically microscopic, and occur in nearly every environment where there is h2o;[135] some are of import parasites.[136] Smaller phyla related to them are the Nematomorpha or horsehair worms, and the Kinorhyncha, Priapulida, and Loricifera. These groups accept a reduced coelom, chosen a pseudocoelom.[137]

Spiralia

The Spiralia are a large group of protostomes that develop past screw cleavage in the early on embryo.[138] The Spiralia'south phylogeny has been disputed, but it contains a big clade, the superphylum Lophotrochozoa, and smaller groups of phyla such as the Rouphozoa which includes the gastrotrichs and the flatworms. All of these are grouped equally the Platytrochozoa, which has a sister grouping, the Gnathifera, which includes the rotifers.[139] [140]

The Lophotrochozoa includes the molluscs, annelids, brachiopods, nemerteans, bryozoa and entoprocts.[139] [141] [142] The molluscs, the second-largest animal phylum by number of described species, includes snails, clams, and squids, while the annelids are the segmented worms, such every bit earthworms, lugworms, and leeches. These two groups have long been considered close relatives because they share trochophore larvae.[143] [144]

History of nomenclature

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck led the creation of a mod classification of invertebrates, breaking upward Linnaeus's "Vermes" into nine phyla by 1809.[145]

In the classical era, Aristotle divided animals,[d] based on his own observations, into those with blood (roughly, the vertebrates) and those without. The animals were then arranged on a calibration from human being (with blood, 2 legs, rational soul) down through the live-bearing tetrapods (with blood, iv legs, sensitive soul) and other groups such as crustaceans (no blood, many legs, sensitive soul) downwards to spontaneously generating creatures like sponges (no claret, no legs, vegetable soul). Aristotle was uncertain whether sponges were animals, which in his system ought to have sensation, appetite, and locomotion, or plants, which did not: he knew that sponges could sense touch, and would contract if about to be pulled off their rocks, only that they were rooted like plants and never moved about.[146]

In 1758, Carl Linnaeus created the commencement hierarchical classification in his Systema Naturae.[147] In his original scheme, the animals were ane of iii kingdoms, divided into the classes of Vermes, Insecta, Pisces, Amphibia, Aves, and Mammalia. Since then the terminal four have all been subsumed into a single phylum, the Chordata, while his Insecta (which included the crustaceans and arachnids) and Vermes have been renamed or broken upwards. The process was begun in 1793 past Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck, who chosen the Vermes une espèce de chaos (a chaotic mess)[e] and split up the group into three new phyla: worms, echinoderms, and polyps (which independent corals and jellyfish). By 1809, in his Philosophie Zoologique, Lamarck had created 9 phyla apart from vertebrates (where he still had 4 phyla: mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish) and molluscs, namely cirripedes, annelids, crustaceans, arachnids, insects, worms, radiates, polyps, and infusorians.[145]

In his 1817 Le Règne Animal, Georges Cuvier used comparative anatomy to group the animals into four embranchements ("branches" with unlike body plans, roughly respective to phyla), namely vertebrates, molluscs, articulated animals (arthropods and annelids), and zoophytes (radiata) (echinoderms, cnidaria and other forms).[149] This sectionalisation into four was followed by the embryologist Karl Ernst von Baer in 1828, the zoologist Louis Agassiz in 1857, and the comparative anatomist Richard Owen in 1860.[150]

In 1874, Ernst Haeckel divided the animal kingdom into two subkingdoms: Metazoa (multicellular animals, with five phyla: coelenterates, echinoderms, articulates, molluscs, and vertebrates) and Protozoa (single-celled animals), including a 6th animal phylum, sponges.[151] [150] The protozoa were subsequently moved to the old kingdom Protista, leaving simply the Metazoa as a synonym of Animalia.[152]

In human being culture

Practical uses

The human population exploits a large number of other animal species for food, both of domesticated livestock species in animal husbandry and, mainly at sea, by hunting wild species.[153] [154] Marine fish of many species are caught commercially for food. A smaller number of species are farmed commercially.[153] [155] [156] Humans and their livestock make up more than xc% of the biomass of all terrestrial vertebrates, and virtually as much as all insects combined.[157]

Invertebrates including cephalopods, crustaceans, and bivalve or gastropod molluscs are hunted or farmed for food.[158] Chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs, and other animals are raised every bit livestock for meat beyond the world.[154] [159] [160] Animal fibres such as wool are used to brand textiles, while animal sinews accept been used as lashings and bindings, and leather is widely used to make shoes and other items. Animals accept been hunted and farmed for their fur to brand items such as coats and hats.[161] Dyestuffs including cherry (cochineal),[162] [163] shellac,[164] [165] and kermes[166] [167] have been made from the bodies of insects. Working animals including cattle and horses have been used for piece of work and transport from the kickoff days of agronomics.[168]

Animals such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster serve a major function in science equally experimental models.[169] [170] [171] [172] Animals accept been used to create vaccines since their discovery in the 18th century.[173] Some medicines such as the cancer drug Yondelis are based on toxins or other molecules of brute origin.[174]

A gun dog retrieving a duck during a hunt

People have used hunting dogs to assist chase down and remember animals,[175] and birds of casualty to catch birds and mammals,[176] while tethered cormorants accept been used to grab fish.[177] Poison sprint frogs have been used to toxicant the tips of blowpipe darts.[178] [179] A broad variety of animals are kept every bit pets, from invertebrates such as tarantulas and octopuses, insects including praying mantises,[180] reptiles such as snakes and chameleons,[181] and birds including canaries, parakeets, and parrots[182] all finding a identify. Even so, the most kept pet species are mammals, namely dogs, cats, and rabbits.[183] [184] [185] At that place is a tension betwixt the role of animals equally companions to humans, and their existence as individuals with rights of their ain.[186] A wide multifariousness of terrestrial and aquatic animals are hunted for sport.[187]

Symbolic uses

Animals have been the subjects of art from the primeval times, both historical, as in Ancient Arab republic of egypt, and prehistoric, every bit in the cave paintings at Lascaux. Major animal paintings include Albrecht Dürer's 1515 The Rhino, and George Stubbs'southward c. 1762 horse portrait Whistlejacket.[188] Insects, birds and mammals play roles in literature and film,[189] such as in giant problems movies.[190] [191] [192]

Animals including insects[193] and mammals[194] feature in mythology and religion. In both Japan and Europe, a butterfly was seen as the personification of a person's soul,[193] [195] [196] while the scarab beetle was sacred in ancient Arab republic of egypt.[197] Among the mammals, cattle,[198] deer,[194] horses,[199] lions,[200] bats,[201] bears,[202] and wolves[203] are the subjects of myths and worship. The signs of the Western and Chinese zodiacs are based on animals.[204] [205]

See also

  • Animal attacks
  • Brute coloration
  • Ethology
  • Animal
  • List of animal names
  • Lists of organisms by population

Notes

  1. ^ The awarding of Deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding to taxonomy farther complicates this; a 2016 barcoding analysis estimated a total count of virtually 100,000 insect species for Canada lonely, and extrapolated that the global insect animal must exist in excess of 10 1000000 species, of which nigh 2 million are in a single wing family known equally gall midges (Cecidomyiidae).[67]
  2. ^ Not including parasitoids.[63]
  3. ^ Compare File:Annelid redone due west white background.svg for a more specific and detailed model of a particular phylum with this full general trunk programme.
  4. ^ In his History of Animals and Parts of Animals.
  5. ^ The prefix une espèce de is pejorative.[148]

References

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  12. ^ Andrew, Scottie (26 February 2020). "Scientists discovered the first animate being that doesn't need oxygen to live. It'due south changing the definition of what an beast tin can be". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
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External links

  • Tree of Life Project
  • Animal Diversity Web – University of Michigan'south database of animals
  • ARKive – multimedia database of endangered/protected species

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal

Posted by: ellenburgimithe67.blogspot.com

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